Characterization of Confectionary Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) Genetic Resources of Denizli and Erzurum Provinces

Özet

Turkey has significant and unique plant diversity and plant genetic resources. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is one of the important oilseed and confectionary crop have significant diversity in Turkey. Therefore, within the framework of National Industrial Plant Genetic Resources Project, sunflower landraces have been collected and conserved ex situ at the National Gene Bank in Izmir, Turkey. Since the characterization of local variety and land race collections is also necessary for the utilization of those resources and help to optimize the germplasm management and utilization in plant breeding program. In this study agro-morphological characterization of fifty four confectionary sunflower accessions collected from Denizli and Erzurum provinces, and maintained long-term at National Gene Bank for assessing sustainable utilization. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed for diversity determination of sunflower accessions. Ecological differences affect morphology of sunflower; thus, quantitative aspects of variation were evaluated using plants grown under same conditions. Thirty two characters were evaluated and multivariate analysis was performed for diversity determination those of confectionary sunflower accessions. The morphological variation was found high for most of the characters. There was no variation on leaf distribution on stem, stem hairiness, branching, leaf pubescence, leaf shape, seed type, seed hairiness, head flower color, pollen fertility, disk flower anthocyanin coloration. PCA showed that the first eight principal components accounted for 73.721 % of the total variation. In all principal components very variable one group was formed. The results indicated continuous variation model of confectionary sunflower landraces. While the informal seed exchange mechanism among the farmers involve the some degree of similarity of the some accessions collected from different localities. The diversity among and between the landraces is result of adaptation of different ecologies and the farmers’ selection in their preferences.