Diagnosis of Nematode Populations Found in Chard, Barley and Onion Grown in North of Iraq and South of Turkey

Abstract

The soil samples of three different crops namely Chards, Barely and Onion in south part of Iraq and north part of Turkey during 2014-2015 were examined and the abundance, distribution and genera of nematodes were diagnosed based on their community compositions and trophic groups. Nematodes from 230 collected soil samples from both countries extracted by Baermann systems, identified, and quantified by microscopic observations. Total number of genera belonging four trophic groups of nematodes were 19, 11, 7, and 8 for free living, plant parasite, omnivorous and predaceous nematodes, respectively. In Iraq, the highest numbers nematodes were found in free living genus of Cephalobus with 600, 1044 and 693 individual for Chard, Barley and Onion, respectively. Overall, in Turkey, the highest numbers of free living nematodes were also found in genus Cephalobus with 446, 492 and 541 individual for Chard, Barley and Onion, respectively. In study, the greater free living nematode densities in all three crops from both counties were Cephalobus followed by Chiloplacus, Rhabditis, Monhystera, Eucephalobus, Acrobeles and Wilsonema. On the other hand, the highest densities of plant parasitic nematodes were observed in Tylenchus, Pratylenchus, Aphelenchus, Filenchus, Ditylenchus, Aphelnchoides, Heterodera, Meloidogyne and Helicotylenchus. Current study indicated that the number of nematodes genus occurred in both countries differed, because of possibly different soil and environmental conditions for nematodes.