Arapça Nahiv ve Meani İlmi Çerçevesinde İsnad Kavramı

Özet

Anlamlı bir söz ya da cümlede dilbilgisel kurgu isnâd adı verilen olguya bağlıdır. Zira belirli bir anlamı taşıması istenen bir kurgu kendine özgü bir yapı biçiminde kurgulanmadıkça bu amaç gerçekleşemez. Bu bağlamda bir söz ya da cümlede bütüncül bir anlamın oluşabilmesi için her bir sözcük diğeriyle bağlantılı olmak durumundadır ve bu durum dilbilgisel anlamda bir isnâd sorunsalı olarak kabul edilen cümle teriminin açılımına uygun düşmektedir. Arap nahvi ortaya çıktığından beri Sibeveyh’in el-Kitab adlı eserinde açık görüldüğü gibi isnâd düşüncesiyle ilişki içerisinde olmuştur. Zira Sibeveyh’e göre isnâd kavramı isim ve fiil cümlelerinin ikisinde de cümlenin iki temel ögesi arasında bulunan bağlantısal ilişkidir. Ayrıca isnâd fasih Arapça bir söz ya da cümlede bir sözcüğün diğer sözcüklere göre konumunda ortaya çıkan sözel ve dilbilgisel bir ilişki, sözdizimsel bir anlamdır.

Abstract

AbstractSearch goal: One of the main objectives of the research is to clarify that the basis of grammatical structure in the useful sentence, or speech depends on attribution, each word must be related to the other on the way in which the speech is fully useful; this is consistent with the interpretation of the grammatical sentence, "which is an issue of asceticism.The concept of attribution has been associated with the idea of attribution since its inception, as noted in Seaboye's book. "The concept of attribution of Seaboye is a correlative relationship between the two sides of the nominal sentence in nominal construction, And between the two corners of the verbal sentence in the verbal construction "; the attribution is a synthetic signification in classical Arabic, and attribution is a grammatical relationship that is the place of a word for the other.Research results: The relation of the link to the reference path is the focus of the sentence or its nucleus. It is only sufficient to form the sentence in formality, and the simple sentence expansion by creating other relationships, And the creation of connection relationships, subject to the context of the denominator and the purpose of the speaker of the sentence systems, and the more the speaker established the relationship and relationship relations in the sentence over the nucleus of attribution it was an increase in interest; this does not mean that the interest becomes separate from the benefit of attribution, But this means that the meaning of the sentence after the increase becomes not the meaning of the reference kernel alone; the reason for this is that the sentence leads to one meaning and not several meanings, and whenever a new relationship is created in the sentence, the meaning of the sentence changes from what it was before the relationship was established. Which governs the syntax of the sentence that each relationship increases in the sentence on the attribution relationship is created by the speaker to the statement, and the removal of the thumb and ambiguity may be seen the semantic meaning of the sentence if the speaker does not establish that relationship, and every deletion of the relationship is when the semantic meaning does not need The machine that relationship; and all this is subject to the context of the place and purpose of the speaker, Therefore, attribution is the basic relationship in the Arabic sentence; it is the nucleus of the sentence, and the axis of all other relations; because it alone can form a complete sentence, with an integral semantic meaning, which is the simple sentence.SummaryThe main principle of Arabic syntax in a significant sentence or speech is based on the attribution concept, because structure of sentence cannot have a meaning if it is not created with a specific form of sentence editing. in a phrase a word has to have a relatioship with the other one to express a totalitarian meaning. this condition conforms with disclousure of the sentence which is accepted as a attribution subject. there has been an atomic relationship between Arabic Syntax and the predication concept since the syntax occured as a science field in Arabic linguistic studies, as we observed this condition in the famous study of Sibawayh which is named “Al-Kitab”. According to Sibawayh the predication means the relationship between two components of sentece in a noun phrase and in an actual sentence. So the attribution is a structural significance in formal Arabic language and a relationship which appears on a word according to other one. This study includes a presentation, three main parts, result and references. The first part: The predication term in Syntactic and Semantic Field.which is divided into three sections, the first is dealing with the Pillars of attribution:( Almosnd wa Almosnd ilih), there are three main elements of the simple sentence: the assignee or the speaker, and the document that builds on the subject and spoken of it. the attribution, which is the mental process - or the bond - that binds the predicate to the document; the document and the reference to it are two main pillars in the composition of the sentence; each of these two pillars is not only the sentence, but the connection between them is many relationships that reveal the levels of significance. Sibawayh cleared that the meaning of the object and the reference to him by saying: "which are not separated from each other, and no one finds the inevitable: it is the name of the beginner and built on it; and your saying: Abdullah, this is your brother; and such: goes Abdullah, must do of the name as the first name did not have to be the other in the beginning. "the second: the attributed as a verb and as a noun, the attributed as a verb is actually intended for the purposes of the most important of which is the benefit of its allocation in one of the three times with the abbreviation and the benefit of renewal. and the benefit of continuous renewal with the existence of the context and the fact that the act is a struggle.on the other hand, The attributed as a name implies a basic purpose, which is to prove the permanence, without any indication of the time of renewal and occurrence. The third section, the semantic link between the attributed and the subject. the Second Part: The Predication in noun phrase, is divided into four sections. first one dealing with the name and the nominal compound. second one dealing with the subject and the object of the nominal sentence. third one dealing with need to be interconnected between the subject and the object of the nominal sentence. the fourth one dealing with the indications of the subject and the object. the third Part ıs entıtled: the attribution in actual sentence which discusses the following issues: first, the subject, the term of grammatical function is a grammatical function that arises only with the syntax of the sentence, and by a particular grammatical relation, the relation of attri

Anahtar kelimeler: İsnad, İsim ve Mürekkeb İsim, Nahvî ve Mantıkî Fâil, Arap Dili ve Belağatı, Müsned Müsned İleyh