İlhanlı Astronomisinin Bizans ve Avrupa Astronomisine Etkisinde George Chioniades'in Rolü

The Influence of Ilkhanians Astronomy on The Byzantine and European Astronomy the Role of George Chioniades

Özet

Pontus Rum ømparatoru II. Aleks൴os Komnenos(1297-1330) tarafÕndan desteklenen GeorgeCh൴on൴ades, østanbul'dan Trabzon'a gelerekb൴l൴msel ve kültürel çalÕúmalara katÕlmÕútÕr.Astronom൴ alanÕnda b൴lg൴s൴n൴ artÕrmak ൴ç൴n 1295yÕlÕnda ølhanlÕlarÕn baúkent൴ olan Tebrvz'e g൴tm൴úve ùemseddvn el-Vâbkanavv el-Buharv'n൴n dershalkasÕna katÕlmÕútÕr. øk൴ yÕl Tebrvz'de kalmÕú veel-Vâbkanavv'den astronom൴ dersler൴ almÕútÕr.Tebrvz'de kaldÕ÷Õ sÕrada Arapça ve FarsçayÕ|÷renm൴út൴r. 1299 (veya 1300) yÕlÕnda astronom൴൴çer൴kl൴ eserler ൴le b൴rl൴kte Trabzon'a ve dahasonra østanbul'a ger൴ d|nm út r. Ch൴on൴ades'൴nTebrvz'den get൴rerek Rumcaya çev൴rd൴÷൴ eserler൴n baúÕnda Abdurrahman el-Hâz൴nv'ye a൴t Zvc-൴Sencerv, Nasvr ddvn et-T sv'n൴n koord൴nat|rl -÷ünde yazÕlan Zvc-൴ ølhanv, Abdülker൴m elFahhad'Õn yazdÕ÷Õ Zvc-൴ 'Alâ'൴ (TablolarlaAlâ'v'n൴n Astronom൴k El K൴tabÕ) adlÕ eser൴ veùemseddvn el-Vâbkanavv el-Buharv'n൴n usturlaba ൴l൴úk൴n r൴sales൴ bulunmaktadÕr. 1310-1314yÕllarÕ arasÕnda p൴skopos olarak Tebrvz'e ൴k൴nc൴kez g൴den Ch൴on൴ades, ølhanlÕlarÕn øslam൴yet'൴kabulü sonrasÕnda ger൴ dönmek zorundakalmÕútÕr. ølhanlÕ astronom൴s൴n൴n B൴zans ve Avrupa astronom൴s൴n൴ etk൴lemes൴nde |neml൴ b൴r rol oynamÕútÕr. Özell൴kle 'T sv Ç൴ft൴'n൴' B൴zans veVened൴k zer൴nden Avrupa'ya N൴kolas Kopern൴k'e ulaútÕrmasÕ G neú merkezl൴ yen൴ evrenmodel൴n൴n oluúmasÕna ortam oluúturmuútur.

Abstract

Supported by Pontus Greek Emperor Alexis II Comnenos (1297- 1330), George Chioniades came from Istanbul to Trebizond and participated in scientific and cultural studies. In order to increase his knowledge in the field of astronomy, he went to Tabrîz, the capital of İlhanlılar in 1295, and joined the lesson of Shamsaddîn al-Wâbkanavî el-Bukharî. He remained in Tabrîz for two years and took astronomy lessons from al-Wâbkanavî. While he was in Tabrîz, he learned Arabic and Persian. He returned to Trebizond with works of astronomy in 1299 (or 1300) and then back to Istanbul. At the beginning of the works that Chioniades brought from Tabrîz and translated by Greek, there are Zîc-i İlhanî of the Nasîrüddîn et-Tûsî, Zîc-i Sanjarî of Abdurrahman alKhâzinî, Zîc-i ‘Alâ’î (Astronomical Handbook of Ala'î with Tables) of Abdülkerim al-Fahhad's, and the epistle related to astrolabe of Shamsaddîn alWâbkanavî al-Bukharî. Chioniades, who came to Tabrîz as the archbishop between 1310-1314, had to return after the adoption of Islam by Ilkhanians. It played an important role in the effects of Ilkhanians astronomy on Byzantine and European astronomy. Especially, the transportation of the ‘Tûsî Couple’ to Nikolas Copernicus to Europe over Byzantium and Venice created an environment the formation of a new Sun-centered universe model.