The Factors Affecting Recurrence and Prognosis in Patients with Low-grade Stage Ta Bladder Cancer

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to review the parameters affecting tumour recurrence, tumour progression and cancer survival of patients with low-grade non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 262 patients with primary, low-grade Ta bladder cancer. Recurrence was defined as the occurrence of a new tumour in the prostatic urethra or bladder. Tumour progression was defined as confirmed high-grade Ta, all T1 or carcinoma in situ, upper tract recurrence or progression to T2. The associations between factors that affect recurrence and progression were analysed. Results: Tumour recurrence and progression occurred in 119 (45.4%) and 25 (9.5%) patients during follow-up (median follow-up: 50.9±36.3 months), respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrate that smoking, multiple tumours and large tumours (3 cm3 cm) and smoking were risk factors for recurrence and progression. Prevention of smoking and routine cystoscopic examination are essential in bladder cancer.