TANG HANEDANLIĞI VE TÜRK KAĞANLIĞI İLİŞKİLERİ BAĞLAMINDA XUEYANTUO (SİR-TARDUŞ, SEYANTO; 薛延陀) HANLIĞI

In The Context of The Relations of The Tang Dynasty And The Turkic Khaganate The Khanate of Xueyantuo (Sır-Tardush, Seyanto; 薛延陀)

Özet

Xue Yantuolar (薛延陀), Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti kuzeyinde yaşamış bir ulustur. Köken olarak Tiele’lar ile akrabadırlar hatta Tie-ler’ların bir koludurlar. Kültürleri, toplumsal adet ve yapıları, Eski Türk devletlerinden Göktürk Devleti ve Türk ve Türk soylu halklarınki ile büyük oranda benzeşmektedir. Sui hanedanlığından, Tang hanedanlığının ilk yıllarına kadar, Xue Yantuo’lar, Türk kağanlığına yakındı. Xie-li Kağan (颉利可汗) döneminde, Xue Yantuolar, Doğu Türk Kağanlığını arkadan vurup Tang (唐) yönetiminin o dönem başında bulunan Taizong ile işbirliğine gitmişti. Daha sonra Yinan Kağan döneminde ise Xue Yantuo’lar, hem Türk Kağanlığı (突厥汗国) hem de Tang yönetimi ile çekişmeye girmiştir. Giriştikleri bu çekişmeden hemen önce Xue Yantuo hükümdarı Yinan Kağan’ın (夷男) ölmesi, orta Asya topluluklarında yaşanan tipik bir olaya Xue Yantuo’ların da tutulmalarına sebep olmuştur. Bunun neticesinde de Xue Yantuo’ların meydana getirdikleri birlik, dağılma sürecine götürmüş, birliğin yitirilmesine ve tarih sahnesinden silinmelerinin sebebi olmuştur. Ms. 646 yılında da tamamen dağılıp ve silinmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada Xue Yantuo’ların genel tarihi durumları, isimleri, yaşadıkları ve hüküm sürdükleri coğrafya ve kısa tarihleri üzerine inşa edilmiştir. Çalışmada klasik Çin tarih metinlerinden olan Tong Dian’den (通典) ağırlıklı olarak istifade edilmiştir. Klasik metinlerden alıntılanan tümce ve deliller asıl halleri ile kullanılmıştır. Xue Yantuo ismi, Çince imlerin Latin harfleri ile çağdaş yazım sistemi olan Pin-Yin (拼音) sistemi ile kullanılmıştır.

Abstract

The Xueyantuo (薛延陀) is a nation who lived in the geography that coincides with the northern borders of the modern-day People's Republic of China. In their lineage they are a clan of the Tiele, thus in their race they are one of the clans and relatives of the Tiele. Their cultures, social structures and traditions are largely similar to those of the other Turkic and Turkic noble peoples and tribes, especially with the Göktürk State, one of the former Turkic states. During the period from the collapse of the Sui dynasty to the first years of the Tang dynasty, the Xueyantuo were politically close to the Turk khanate (Göktürk; Köktürk State, Tujue Hanguo). During the reign of Xie-li Khan (頡利可汗), the Xueyantuo began to separate politically from the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. Later, as a result of the desire to become an independent political organization, they came into conflict with the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. They cooperated with the ruler Tang Taizong, who was at the beginning of the Tang (唐) Dynasty administration, which they received political support from. Later, during the Yinan Khagan period, the Xueyantuo entered into conflict with both the Turkic Khaganate (突厥汗國) and the Tang administration (唐朝). The death of the Xueyantuo ruler Yinan Kagan (夷男) on top of the destruction caused by this conflict caused the Xueyantuo to be held, which is a typical event in the Central Asian communities. As a result of this, the dominance of the idea of being an independent political power without being tied to any political authority and the feelings that we can describe as the power poisoning aroused by the independence they obtained thanks to the political alliance they established with the Tangs, created a negative environment for the Xueyantuo. As a result of this, the unity created by the Xueyantuo entered the process of disintegration, caused the loss of the unity and their disappearance from the stage of history. In 646 AD. They were completely disbanded and erased. This article is built on the general historical situation of the Xueyantuo, their names, the geography where they lived and ruled, and their brief history. In this study, mainly from which is one of the classical Chinese history records, the New Tang History (新唐書), the Old Tang History (舊唐書) and mainly Tong Dian (通典) were utilized. Sentences and proofs quoted from classical records are used in their original form as Fanti (繁體). The name Xueyantuo used in the study, refers to Sir Tarduş, Seyantos, the name of the Turk Khanate, Göktürks or Köktürks and its Chinese equivalent Tujue Hanguo. In addition to these, all Chinese words are used with the Pinyin (拼音) system, as in the sample of Xueyantuo.