Türkiye’de Toplumun COVID-19’a Yönelik Bilgisi ve Önlemlere Uyumu

The Public’s Knowledge and Compliance with Preventive Measures Related to COVID-19 in Turkey

Şemsi Nur KARABELA, Kürşad Nuri BAYDİLİ, Nesibe ŞİMŞEKOĞLU, Cemre ÖZKANCA

Özet

Amaç: 2020 yılının sonlarında Çin’in Wuhan Şehrinde ortaya çıkan Koranavirüs hastalığı-2019 (COVID-19) 11 Mart 2020 Tarihinde, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi ilan edilmiştir ve aynı tarihte Türkiye’de de ilk olgu görülmüştür. Pandemi ilanı ve Türkiye’de ilk olgunun görülmesiyle birlikte yazılı ve görsel medya üzerinden hastalıktan korunma ile ilgili bilgilendirmeler yapılmıştır. Yapılan bilgilendirmelerin farklı hedef kitlelerde nasıl karşılık bulduğunu tespit etmeyi amaçlayan bu çalışmayla, COVID-19 gibi ileride ülkemizde meydana gelebilecek salgın hastalıklarda yapılacak bilgilendirmelerde nasıl bir yol izleneceği hakkında fikir sahibi olunması hedeflenmektedir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırma, 14.11.2020 ile 20.11.2020 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada 3 bölümden oluşan soru formu kullanılmıştır ve örnekleme 3.094 kişi dahil edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi SPSS 25 paket programı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcılara yöneltilen sorulardaki toplam doğru sayısı, kişinin COVID-19 hastalığından korunma bilgi düzeyi olarak kabul edilmiştir. Katılımcıların uyum düzeylerini belirlemek için, önlemlere uyum düzeylerini 10 üzerinden puanlamaları istenmiştir. Bilgi ve önlem düzeylerinin demografik değişkenlerle karşılaştırılmasında bağımsız örneklem t-testi ve tek yönlü ANOVA kullanılmıştır.

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which emerged in Wuhan City of China at the end of 2020, on March 11, 2020, was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization and the first case was seen in Turkey on the same date. With the declaration of the pandemic and the occurrence of the case in Turkey, information was given on the prevention of the disease through the written and visual media. This study aims to determine how the notifications are received in different target groups and to have an idea about the way to be followed for presenting information in the future epidemic diseases such as COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This research was carried out between 14.11.2020 and 20.11.2020. A questionnaire consisting of 3 parts was used in the research and 3,094 people were included in the sample. The analysis of the data was carried out using the SPSS 25 package program. The total number of correct answers in the questions asked to the participants was accepted as the person’s knowledge level of protection from COVID-19 disease. To determine the compliance levels of the participants, they were asked to score their level of compliance with the measures out of 10. Independent sample t-test and One-Way ANOVA were used to compare knowledge and prevention levels with demographic variables. Results: It was found that the knowledge level of women, who were under 65 years old, single, with at least university education and living in a village/town, about protection from COVID-19 disease was higher than the other categories belonging to the same variables. In terms of compliance with the measures, it was determined that women, who were 36-50 years old, married, and residing in the city had higher scores. Conclusion: In our country, it has been determined that the level of knowledge of prevention of COVID-19 disease and the level of compliance with measures differ according to various demographic variables. In raising the awareness of societies in epidemic diseases, considering the gender, age group, marital status, education level, and place of residence of the individuals, it is thought that it is of great importance in terms of epidemic management that it is done to different masses with different methods.