Ultrasound assisted extraction for the recovery of phenolic compounds from waste hazelnut shell

Abstract

Hazelnut shell is the primary byproduct of hazelnut industry which has the potential source of antioxidants, andphenolics with interest of pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. The main goal of this study is to determineeffects of extraction method, extraction time, solvent type, solid to liquid ratio, and particle size on extraction yield,antioxidant capacity, and total phenolic content of waste hazelnut shell. The highest extraction yield was found as15.4% by using methanol as solvent, in combined extraction for 16 h total extraction time. As for the best antioxidantcapacity, 0.0508 mg TE mL-1 was observed by using methanol as a solvent in ultrasonic extraction, whereas thehighest phenolic content was found as 0.188 mg GAE mL-1 by Soxhlet extraction with acetone for 8 h. After extractionof hazelnut shell waste, major components were found as oleic and palmitic acids for all solvent types according toGC-MS results.