SURELERİN BELİRLİ DÖNEMLERE VE OLAYLARA İZÂFESİ?

Özet

Bu makalede özellikle son dönemde Kur'ân surelerini dönemlere göre tasnif eden dört araştırmacı ve ilgili çalışmaları ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmalarda Mekkî sureler; nüzul rivayetleri, surelerin üslup ve içerikleri dikkate alınarak dönemlere ayrılmış, aynı zamanda sureler, bu dönemlerde cereyan eden olaylarla da ilişkilendirilmiştir. Yine bu makalede, ilgili çalışmalarda kullanılan yöntemler ve elde edilen sonuçlar üzerinde durulmuş, ictihada dayalı bu türden tasniflerde ortak sonuçlara ulaşılmasının imkânı sorgulanmıştır. Ancak bu çalışma, herkes tarafından kabul edilebilecek bir sure tertibinin mümkün olmayışı yanında, belki de bu imkânsızlığın bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan dönemsel tasnif çalışmalarında da ortak bir sonuca ulaşılamayacağını göstermektedir.

Abstract

Efforts to understand the Quran has continued uninterrupted since its revelation period and the interpretation activity has been carried out using certain methods until today. There are three different approaches to the interpretation of the Qur'an. Firstly, commentaries that are written according to the composition of Companion Osman's mushaf; secondly, commentaries that are based on a subject that do not take this into account; the third one is the interpretation made by organizing the verses according to the time of revelation. Identifying the order of revelation and making the interpretation in accordance with this order is also used as a method. For this purpose, researchers have benefited from knowledge of asbab al-nuzul and Meccan-medinan verses. On the other hand, the thought that the verses cannot be identified according to chronological order, has led the researchers to classify the verses according to specific periods and make comments based on the events of that period. These studies sometimes have encompassed the whole peroid and sometimes in-depth studies conducted on the time period of certain ranges.This article discusses the work of four recent researchers who classified Qur'an surahs according to time periods. These studies have classified surahs according to narrations about their time of revelation and the style and content of the surahs. They also associated the surahs with the events that took place in this period. Additionally this article focuses on the methods used and the results obtained in these relevant works and questions the possibility of achieving common results in such kind classifications that are based on ijtihad. However, due to the impossibility of a time classification of surahs that is accepted by everyone, this paper also shows the impossibility of reaching a common conclusion in the studies on periodic classification of surahs.