ABDÜLHAK EL-İSLÂMÎ’NİN (XIV.-XV. yy) EL-HUSÂMU’L-MEMDÛD ADLI YAHUDİLİĞE REDDİYESİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

The Evaluation of Abd Al-Haqq Al-Islâmî’s (14th-15th century) Polemic Against Judaism: Al-Husâm Al-Mamdûd

Özet

Yahudi asıllı mühtedî bir bilgin olan Ebu Muhammed Abdülhak el-İslâmîel-Mağribî, XIV. ve XV. yüzyıllar arasında Fas’ın Sebte şehrinde yaşamıştır.El-İslâmî, Müslüman olduktan 16 yıl sonra el-Husâmu’l-Memdûd fi’r-Reddale’l-Yehûd adlı Yahudilik hakkındaki reddiyesini kaleme almıştır. Beş bölümdenoluşan bu eserde, beşâiru’n-nübüvve, nesih, tahrif ve tecsim gibi Yahudilikhakkındaki temel reddiye konularının hemen hepsine sistematik birşekilde yer verilmektedir. Yahudi dinî ve sosyal hayatı hakkında ayrıntılı bilgilerinde yer aldığı reddiyede, diğer reddiyelerde görülmeyen özgün delillerbulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda el-Husâmu’l-Memdûd, kapsamı geniş bir reddiyedir.Bu makalede, Türkçe akademik bir çalışmaya konu olmayan Yahudikökenli Müslüman bir âlim ve Yahudilik eleştirisi incelenerek Türkiye'dekiakademik çevrelere tanıtılmış olacaktır.

Abstract

Abū Muḥammad ‘Abd al-Ḥaqq al-Islāmī al-Maghribī lived in Ceuta, Morocco during the 14th-15th centuries. Towards the end of 14th century, at the age of 40, he had converted from Judaism to Islam. After sixteen years of his conversion, approximately between 1393 and 1396, al-Islāmī wrote his polemic against Judaism in Arabic entitled al-Husām al-Mamdūd fī l-Radd ‘alā al-Yahūd (The Outstretched Sword for Refuting the Jews) or al-Sayf alMamdūd fī l-Radd ‘alā Ahbār al-Yahūd (The Outstretched Sword for Refuting the Rabbis of the Jews). His work consists of five chapters and all chapters were presented systematically by ‘Abd al-Ḥaqq al-Islāmī. Tahrīf (distortion), tabdīl (alteration), naskh (abrogation), tajsīm (antropomorphism) and bashair al-nubuwwah (predictions for the Prophet Muhammad) are the main issues of al-Husām al-Mamdūd. al-Husām al-Mamdūd informs us about religious and social life of Jewish society. It has also new data which never seen before in other polemics. In this respect, al-Husām al-Mamdūd deserves attention. al-Islāmī used Torah and the Jewish prayer books while he was advocating his claims about Judaism. He was loyal to the text of Torah most of the time. But in the texts that predictions for the Prophet Muhammad, he arbitrarily added words or changed the texts. Therefore, the reader is suspicious about the authenticity of the other arguments presented in the polemic. In this article, al-Islāmī’s polemic, in the context of Jewish and Islamic sources, will be examined and evaluated and he will be introduced to Turkish academia, on whom no study has yet been carried out in Turkish.