Dergiler / Dicle Tıp Dergisi / 2016 / Cilt: 43 - Sayı: 1
The Association between Symptoms of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and School Performance
- Dergi
- Dicle Tıp Dergisi
- Sayfa
- 146–150
- DOI
- —
Özet
Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) adversely affects school performance by causing learning difficulties, attention deficit, and forgetfulness. Aim of this study is to compare two student groups with different school success levels by symptoms related with OSAS.Methods: First class students from a faculty of our university with relatively higher university entrance examination scores (Group 1) and the ones from another faculty with lower scores (Group 2) were included in study. A questionnaire was applied. Demographic features, information related with smoking, driving, and previous traffic accidents were recorded. Additionally, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Berlin Questionnaire used in OSAS screening were scored. Findings of two groups were compared.Results: 252 students were included. Group 1 and 2 consisted of 136 and 116 students, respectively. No difference was determined by age, sex, weight, and height. Significantly higher prevalence of snoring (87.1% vs.27.2%), sleep apnea (10.3% vs.5.1%), daytime sleepiness (25.8% vs.13.2%), and frequency of smoking (25.3% vs.18.2%) were determined in Group 2 than in Group 1 (p<0.001, p=0.021, p=0.002,and p<0.001,respectively). Group 2 also had higher Epworth Sleepiness Scales (5.3±3.5 vs.1.8±3.6,p=0.006) and higher prevalence of OSAS risk (45.7% vs.31.6%,p<0.001). Within Group 2, frequencies of snoring and sleep apnea were higher in smokers than in non-smokers [(97.8% vs.20%,p<0.001) and (68.9% vs.6.7%,p=0.047),respectively].Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking and symptoms related with OSAS were found higher in students with lower school performance. Given that one of the factors affecting school success in young adults is sleep breathing disorders including OSAS, more comprehensive studies in this field are warranted.Keywords: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, students, school performance, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Berlin Questionnaire
Abstract
Objective: While there are suggestions for oral hydration times after general anesthesia, there is no published study with regard to sedation. The aim of this prospective study was to determine a safe time for oral intake after pediatric sedation and its association with nausea and vomiting after discharge.Methods: A total of 180 children (aged 1 month to 13 years) sedated for magnetic resonance imaging were randomly assigned into three groups. All patients fasted for 6 hours and were allowed to take clear fluids until 2 hours before sedation with thiopental (3 mg/kg). After the patients were transported to the recovery room, we allowed the patients to drink as much clear fluids as they wanted prior to discharge in group I, 1 hour after the patients met the discharge criteria for group II, and 2 hours after the patients met the discharge criteria for group III. All patients were assessed for vomiting in the recovery room until 1 hour after their first oral hydration. The parents were then telephoned the next day and questioned regarding nausea/vomiting and any unanticipated hospital admission.Results: There were no statistically significant intergroup differences with respect to age, sex, weight, or the ASA status. There was no nausea and vomiting in either the recovery or post discharge period in any group. In the telephone questionnaire, no hospital admissions were reported.Conclusion: Oral hydration just before discharge is safe, and fasting children after discharge for a period of time is unnecessary for patients sedated with thiopental.Key words: Sedation, oral intake, postoperative nausea and vomiting