Dergiler / BELGİ DERGİSİ / 2020 / Cilt: 2 - Sayı: 19
1821 YUNAN İSYANI VE SULTAN 2. MAHMUD'UN BİLİNMEYEN BİR FERMANI
- Dergi
- BELGİ DERGİSİ
- Sayfa
- 2030–2036
- DOI
- —
Özet
12 Şubat 1821’de patlak veren Yunan isyanı hakkında, literatürde belki küçümsenmeyecek sayıda çalışma bulunmaktadır. Ancak, böyle bir konunun tespitinde şüphesiz, dönemin kaynakları ve özellikle dönemin Padişahı Sultan II. Mahmud’un meseleye bakışı fevkalade önemlidir. Bu cümleden olmak üzere, şimdiye kadar henüz literatüre yansımayan Sultan II. Mahmud’un, ülke çapında bütün ilgililere gönderdiği; Osmanlı Devleti’nin gayr-i Müslimlere bakışını, isyanın sebeplerini, gelişmesini ve alınması gereken tedbirleri ortaya koyan Evâsıt-ı Zilkade 1236 (Ağustos 1821) tarihli fermanını probleme katkı sağlaması açısından önemsiyoruz. Bu araştırmada, sözkonusu ferman analiz edilerek 1821 Yunan İsyanı’nın özellikle; sebepleri, gelişmesi, Osmanlı yönetiminin tutumu, alınması gereken tedbirler vb. problemlerin anlaşılmasına değişik açılardan katkı sağlanmış olunacaktır.
Abstract
This study addressed cotton production and cotton policies and their repercussions on Turkish economy between November 11, 1938 (Ismet Inonu was elected president) and May 14, 1950 (the Democratic Party came to power) in the light of numerical data. The study covered the subject matter in five periods; (1) Cotton production activities during the Inonu era, (2) cotton seed breeding, (3) cotton trade, (4) national and international communications, congresses and meetings on cotton and (5) cotton-related corporatization and cooperation activities. Data were collected from the Presidency Republican Archive Documents, official publications, Memorandum Diary of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, laws and minute books, Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey, annual statistics and articles in the financial journals of the era. The study also assessed global developments in cotton production. The results are as follows: After Ismet Inonu was elected president, foreign educational films were purchased to improve the cotton farming techniques of Turkish farmers. US Cleveland and Akala seeds as well as local seeds were widely cultivated. Moreover, commissions were established to address the problems of cotton production and industry. Significant progress was made in the fields of irrigation, mechanization, seed breeding, pest control and cooperation. In addition, congresses and meetings were held. All these efforts increased cotton production and trade, which, in turn, made significant contributions to the national economy.