Conceptual Design of a Smart Parking Lot System for Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Today, demand to electric and hybrid electricvehicles (EVs, HEVs) increases day by day due to bothenvironmental factors and limited fossil fuel resources. With EVsand HEVs becoming widespread, some basic problems arise. Oneof the most important of these problems is that the users whowant to charge their vehicles cause to over load on the powergrid. Another problem is that charging stations are notwidespread and charging station installation cost is high. Thisstudy deals with the design of a smart parking lot system that canprovide collective charging services for electric and hybridelectric vehicles. In the proposed smart parking system, onlinebooking assistance is provided and the location of chargingstations is marked on the navigation so that users of EVs andHEVs can easily access the charging stations. Also, users via thedesigned mobile application can follow up and control bookinginquiry, battery charge status, battery sharing permission andpayment services. Another important feature provided by theproposed parking system is that the problem of excessive andirregular load to the power grid occurred during charging ofvehicles located in the parking lot solve with the developedenergy management algorithm. In the developed energymanagement algorithm, in case of the over loading of the powergrid, the energy requirement for charging is provided from othervehicles for which prior permission for battery sharing has beenobtained instead of the power grid. Thus, overloading of thepower grid is prevented and, also drivers who give permission forbattery sharing can derive a profit.