ORTAÇAĞ ERMENİ KAYNAKLARINDA DOĞU KARADENİZ VE ÇEVRESİ

Özet

Ortaçağda çeşitli toplumlara ev sahipliği yapmış olan Doğu Karadeniz ve çevresi, Doğu-batı ticaretinde pek çok mühim limanıyla önemli yer tutmuştur. Ticaret ağının yanı sıra göç yollarının da yaklaşık olarak bu liman şehirlerinden geçiyor olması, Karadeniz ve çevresinde aktif bir siyasî ve sosyal yaşamı beraberinde getirmiştir. Müslümanların fetih yönlerini Anadolu’nun içlerinden devam ettirmeleri Doğu Karadeniz’i ilk İslam fetihlerinin dışında bırakmıştır. Türklerin ise Selçuklularla birlikte Anadolu’yu fethetmesi Doğu Karadeniz’in de siyasi karakterini değiştirmiştir. Ayrıca Kafkasya’nın ve Van Gölü havzasının Ermeni krallıkları da bölgeyle siyasî ve iktisadî ilişkiler kurmuşlardır. Bu ilişkiler Ermeni kaynaklarına da yansımış olmakla birlikte bu kaynakların ihtiva ettiği tarihi kayıtların gerek İslam kronikleriyle gerekse dönemin diğer kaynaklarıyla karşılaştırılması tarih disiplini için oldukça elzemdir. Bu çalışmada; Ortaçağ Ermeni kaynaklarında yer alan Karadeniz ve çevresiyle ilgili kayıtların dönemin kaynaklarıyla kıyaslanması sonucu elde edilen bilgilerin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.

Abstract

In the theory of culture and civilization, which examines and analyzes societies according to a developmental line of progress, hunter-gatherer culture is the simplest first society. The longest lasting period in the history of culture is the hunter-gatherer period. Gardening, agriculture, animal husbandry, industry and industry-information technologies, created by the social accumulation that started with this first cultural experience, have risen in layers from past to present. At the base of all of them stands the way of life of communities that collect wild plants and hunt wild animals. Hunter-gatherer culture continued in the Fertile Crescent, which includes Anatolia and its immediate surroundings, until the agricultural revolution began and food production emerged about ten thousand years ago. After the agricultural revolution, food production in this way has continued until today in certain parts of the world. It is also a common form of diet and survival in populations in the Fertile Crescent and parts of the Eurasian continent that are unable to switch to modern agriculture. In America, Sub-Saharan Africa and Australia, this culture has continued until recently. In this context, hunter-gatherer culture continued on earth for millions of years and deeply affected humanity. It is argued by evolutionary cultural scientists and psychologists that many behavioral patterns and our cultural structure are behaviors from these periods. The study traced the hunter-gatherer culture in the village women’s market in the town of Bulancak and its surrounding villages. The public bazaar, which is established every Tuesday in Bulancak, has been visited periodically over the years, and the products belonging to the hunter-gatherer culture brought to the market by the villagers have been recorded. The local names of the products were recorded, at the same time the products were photographed, and information was collected about the usage areas and commercial value of the products. The data obtained through observation, interviews and exchanges were evaluated together with the evolutionist development theory of culture. This article examines the bond between nature and human life with a focus on women and sets out from a contemporary section of this. Economic, social and ecological relations between the villages and the century-old district market are provided by natural products based on women’s labor. While women foragers maintain environmental and nature awareness through their activities contributing to the home economy, in addition to horticulture, the oldest ecological way of life maintains food foraging and ensures mutual existence between humans and nature.