Antalya müzesiEnde iki hekateion

Özet

Antalya Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde bulunan iki $Hekateion^{1}$ bu makalenin konusunu oluştur - maktadır. İlk $Hekateion^{2}$ yeni bir eser olup bu makalede bilim dünyasına ilk kez sunul - $maktadır^{3}$ (bk. no. 1, Res. 1-4). Eser, 2005 yılında bir jandarma operasyonu neticesinde elegeçmiş olup müzeye teslim edilmiştir. Eserin mahkemesi ancak 2010 yılının sonbaharın - da tamamlanabilmiştir. Mahkemelik olması nedeni ile kaydedemediğimiz eseri envanternumarası verildikten sonra ancak Kasım 2010 tarihinde çalışmamız mümkün olmuştur.Definecilerin ortaya çıkardığı bu Hekateion’un buluntu yeri, ilkin söz konusu şahıslarınkonuşmaması yüzünden öğrenilememişse de sonradan Yalvaç’ın bir köyü (Isparta) olduğubelirlenmiştir, fakat tam buluntu yeri bilinmemektedir. Hekateion’un boyu yak. 121 cm’dir.İkinci Hekateion 4 ise uzun süredir Antalya Müzesi’nde $bulunmaktadır^{5}$(bk. no. 2, Res.5-13). Eser bilim dünyasında eskiden beri tanınmaktadır: İtalyan bilim adamları R. Paribeni ve P. $Romanelli$^{6} eseri 1914 yılında Antalya’da görmüşler ve yayınlarında bu eserden sözetmişlerdir. Fakat yayında eserin fotoğrafı yoktur. Çok sonraları ise, Fransız bilim adamı H.Metzger 1952 yılında Antalya Müzesi’nin Adak Taşları Kataloğu’nu yayımlamış ve orada bueseri sadece bir fotoğraf eşliğinde tanıtmıştır 7. Eser bilim dünyasında tanınmasına rağmen eksik ve yetersiz 8 yayımlandığı için onu burada tekrar ele almaktayız. İkinci Hekateionküçük bir heykelcik olup arkaistik stil özellikleri taşımaktadır. Heykelcik, bu eseri tanıtanbilim adamlarına göre Perge’de bulunmuştur. Hekate 9 Anadolu’da gerek çeşitli betimlerde gerekse çeşitli içeriklerdeki yazıtlardakarşımıza çıkan bir tanrıçadır 10 . Ülkemizdeki birçok müzede tanrıçaya ilişkin eserler bu - lunmaktadır. Bu eserler bugüne kadar bir araya getirilerek toplu olarak henüz değerlen - dirilmemiştir. Anadolu’daki Hekate Kültü hakkında oluşturulmuş bir korpus çalışmasınınolmaması bir eksikliktir. Bu eksikliği gidermek amacı ile müzelerimizde bulunan ilgilieserleri bir katalogda toplamaktayım. Çalışmamda, Anadolu’nun her yöresinde bulunmuşolan ve hem literatürde tanınan hem de yeni olan eserleri kaydetmekteyim 11 . Uzun soluklubir çalışma olan katalog oluşturmanın yanı sıra yeni eserlerin bazılarını bilim dünyasınamakaleler biçiminde tanıtmak da amaçlarım arasındadır. Bu makale de bu amaç çerçeve -sinde değerlendirilmelidir.

Abstract

The first of two Hekateia, in the collection of Antalya Museum, constitutes the scopeof this article, which is published here for the first time (no.1, figs. 1-4). The secondHekateion (no. 2, figs. 5-13) has been in the museum collection for a long while and is well-known among academia. The work was noted for the first time by Italian scholarsR. Paribeni and P. Romanelli, who mentioned it in their publication of 1914. Later it waspublished again by French scholar H. Metzger in his catalogue of votive stones in 1952.However, based on the information given by the previous publication, this subject shouldbe re-evaluated.The first statue, (i.e. the Big Hekateion) was confiscated in 2005 during an operationof the Gendarme, and was inventoried in the museum’e collection autumn of 2010. It wasfound in a village of Yalvaç, near Isparta. This fine quality work is one of the more raremini-Hekate Anatolian statues because of its height at over 1 m. The goddess is depicted with her customary iconography of three bodies, almost adjoining each other, holdingshort torches in their hands. The other halves of the lateral figures’ bodies are not execut - ed. This juxtaposition of bodies is represented by their standing back to back. It would ap - pear this statue was rendered with the Hekate iconography of Phrygia. Since its find spot, was Yalvaç, and Yalvaç is located near the border region between Phrygia and Pisidia, andthe statue seemed to be executed under Phrygian influence, this would indicate work waspossibly a provincial one produced with Phrygian Hekate iconography. It is possible tohave been produced by an inspiration from the Hekateion found at the temple of Men inPisidian Antioch (see n. 16 and 18). In Pisidia, evidence (including coins) regarding Hekateis rarely encountered and such items are usually dated to the 2 nd century AD. A very careless inscription of three lines is found on the front side of its base. Accordingto what is was translated from the inscription, the statue was commissioned by two pairsof brothers: Eutychos, Hermes, Alexandros and Teimotheos. One phrase in the inscription ( παρ᾿ ἑαυτῶν ) shows the cost was covered by them. These four people are mentioned to - gether with their fathers’ names, although there is no information regarding their identitiesor reason for the erection of the statue. However, they likely presented it to a local templeof Hecate as a votive offering. In regard to all the revious evidence, it would be logical toexpect the presence of a Hekate temple in Yalvaç. The inscription is translated as follows:No. 1: “Eutychos and Hermes brothers, sons of Hermes, (and) Alexandros andTeimotheos brothers, sons of Rufus, erected (this statue) from their (pocket).”The statue can be ascribed to the third century AD based on its iconographic and sty-listic features and its inscription. on, (i.e. the Small Hekateion), is a small statuette depicting threefemale figures holding hands, each one leaning against a corner of a triangular prismaticpillar. This is a Hekate Herme. This composition of three women leaning against cornersof angular pillars and holding hands around Hekate Herme is very well-known in Hekateiconography. The top and bottom parts of the pillar are broken and missing. On the miss - ing top one would expect to find the triple head of Hekate wearing a singlepolos. Thethree figures holding hands represent the Charites. Altough this small Hekate Hermeshows characteristics of an archaistic style, it is well known these Hermai belonged to theHellenistic period.This particular statuette, however, has an interesting point: Originally, when executed,it bore no inscription, but, later, an inscription had been engraved on this Herme in 1910by Nicolas Michael Ferteklis of Antalya. It is translated as follows:No. 2: “From the 18 (-year-old) youth collection of N(icolas) M(ichael) Ferteklis”.This person lived in Antalya in the early 20 th century and known to have had a statuecollection. He probably marked several other works in his collection. He assisted many European scholars who visited the region, showing them around and giving then a tour of his many works. His name is known from various publications by scholars like Paribeniand Romanelli, and H. Metzger, as well, although he did not mention this inscription in hispublication, possibly because he did not approve of it. Ferteklis also scratched his nameon the antai of temple N4 (of Artemis and the imperial cult), see n. 42. When this Hekateion from Perge is considered together with the late Roman coins of Lyrbe and Aspendos showing different types of Hekate, it would indicate the goddess hada place in Pamphylia. It is not possible to say precisely, however, at what time this goddessmight have been worshiped or if she was part of Perge’s pantheon, more solid evidence isneeded for that. Evidence regarding Hekate in Pamphylia is still very limited, and a smallcatalogue of coins with Hekate types from Pisidia and Pamphylia is given with this article.The author’s studies on Hekate’s presence in Anatolia, with or without inscriptions, con -tinue toward a corpus and her publications on Hekate will continue.