Pharmacokinetics of Difloxacin in Probiotics-Treated Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Infected Chickens

Abstract

The impact of probiotics on difloxacin disposition in Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected chickens after intravenous and oral administration (10 mg/kg)and its tissue residues after oral administration (10 mg/kg for 5 days) wasstudied. Difloxacin concentrations were estimated by the high-performanceliquid chromatography method. Following intravenous administration of difloxacin, the volume of distribution in probiotic-pretreated Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected chickens (4.05 ± 0.07) was less than that in non-treated birds (4.16 ± 0.07 mg/μg/mL). The t1/2β of difloxacin in probiotic-pretreated Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected chickens (4.75 ± 0.09 hours) was significantly longer than that in the non-treated ones (4.55 ± 0.05 hours). The total body clearance of the drug from the plasma of probiotic-pretreated Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected chickens (0.64 ± 0.00 mg/(μg/mL)/h)was less than that in non-treated ones (0.69 ± 0.01 mg/(μg/mL)/h). Thearea under the curve extrapolated to last plasma concentration0–t (15.20 ±0.08 μg/mL/h) and the mean residence time (6.33 ± 0.11 hours) values in probiotic-pretreated Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected chickens were larger than those in non-treated ones (14.13 ± 0.22 μg/mL/h and 6.02 ± 0.06 hours). The drug was rapidly absorbed orally in probiotic-pretreatedMycoplasma gallisepticum-infected chickens compared to non-treatedones (t1/2ab 1.47 ± 0.02 vs. 1.53 ± 0.05 hours). The peak serum concentrationof difloxacin in probiotic-pretreated Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infectedchickens was higher than that in non-treated ones (1.46 ± 0.07 vs. 1.18 ± 0.07 μg/mL) and was achieved at shorter time to peak concentration (2.59 ± 0.01 vs. 2.74 ± 0.05 hours). Residue levels of difloxacin were lower in probiotic-pretreated Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected chickens than in non-treated ones in all examined tissues