KADI MUHİBBÜDDİN eL-HAMEVÎ'NİN BEVÂDİ'D-DUMÛ''İL-'ANDEMİYYE BİVÂDİ'D-DİYÂR'İR-RÛMİYYE ADLI SEYAHATNAMESİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

“Bi-wādī ad-dumūʿ al-ʿandamiyya bi-wādī ad-diyār ar-rūmiyya” by Muḥibb ad-Dīn al-Hamawī: A Study

Özet

Edebiyat ve psikoloji arasında yakın bir ilişki vardır, çünkü psikoloji edebi yaratıcılığa en yakın bilimlerden biridir; her iki ilimde insanların eylemleri, tepkileri, arzuları ve maruz kaldıkları sıkıntılarla ilgilenirler. Çünkü Roman, psikolojik yaklaşımı en çok kullanan bir edebi eser olarak, yazarın romanında kahramanlarına kendi içgüdü ve duygularını, onların karakterine yansıtarak mizacını ortaya çıkarma imkânı sunmaktadır. Araştırmacıya roman metinleri üzerinden psikolojik yaklaşımı anlatarak çok önemli katkılar sağlar, onlara anahtarlar ve araçlar vererek onların karakter analizlerini yaparak, onların bastırılmış duygularının açıklığa kavuşturarak okuyucusuna sunarak bu duyguların açıklığa ulaşmasını sağlar.Bu çalışma, Ahmed Ziyad Muhabbik'in "Nil Caddesindeki Daire" adlı romanında karakterlerin psikolojik olaylarını ele almayı ve analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu romanı seçmemizin sebebi, genel anlamda Suriye'deki savaş ve özellikle de Halep toplumunun ele aldığı bu savaşın Suriye toplumu üzerindeki etkisi ve önemini üzerinde durmak içindir. Savaş, yazarın duygu ve düşüncelerini ve savaşa karşı tutumunu karakteri aracılığıyla aktarmak için verimli bir alandır. Bu, insana ve mekâna yönelik, öldürme ve kan akıtma sahnelerinin tasviri aracılığıyla sağlanmaktadır.Bu romanı seçmemizin bir diğer önemli nedeni de bu savaşın yaşandığı yer ve zamanın, dünyanın eşsiz coğrafi konumuyla öne çıkan ünlü Halep antik kenti olmasıdır ki, savaşın şiddetinin zirve yaptığı yerdir. Romanda, orada yaşanan çatışmaya ait acı veren sıkıntılı anların gerçekçi gözlemleri ve üzücü manzaraların, tasviri yapılarak sunulmuştur. Roman karakterlerinin maruz kaldıkları zulüm, işkence, nefret, kaygı, aşk, gibi psikolojik yönlerinin incelenmesinin yanı sıra psikolojik çatışmanın incelenmesine, karakterlerinin hayallerine de araştırmada yer verilmiştir.

Abstract

AbstractThere is a close relationship between literature and psychology, because psychology is one of the closest sciences to literary creativity; They both deal with human beings and their reactions, desires, and misery. The novel is one of the most open-minded literary works of the psychological approach, as it allows the novelist to reveal many of his instincts and temperaments, by reflecting them on the characters of his novel, and passing on his speeches and feelings. The psychological approach provides great services in the study of narrative texts, giving them keys and tools to enable them to discover the novelist's depths by analyzing his characters, demystifying them, clarifying them, and presenting them to the recipient. This study aims to address the psychological phenomena of the characters and analyze them in the novel "Shaka Alla Sharee Alneel", by Ahmed Ziad Mohabek. The choice of this novel as the subject of research is because of the importance of the topic addressed in this novel, namely the war in Syria and its impact on Syrian society in general and Aleppo in particular. The war is a fertile field for conveying the writer's feelings through his characters, expressing his thoughts and his attitude to the war. This is done by depicting scenes of killing, blood and destruction that afflict man and place.Another reason for choosing this novel is the importance of the place and time in which this war is taking place: Aleppo, an ancient city that is famous for its unique geographical location in the world. The time was a period when the conflict intensified, and the war reached its climax. The novel observed this conflict and presented a sad picture of human suffering in this city, touching the reality a lot. It was based on the study of the psychological aspects of narrative characters such as injustice, hatred, anxiety, love, etc., as well as the study of the psychological conflict in which they are exposed, the dreams of their characters, and presenting the results of the research.The Structured AbstractThis study is based on the psychological method, one of the most important methods followed by critics for the analysis of literary text. It subordinates literary texts to psychological research and tries to use psychological theories in the interpretation of literary events and the determination of their reasons. We can say that this methodology started in a structured scientific way after the appearance of Freud's work in psychoanalysis. In such a study, it is necessary to stand up and identify with the characters made by the novelist and reveal the inner psychological secrecy that usually appears in the characters' speech.Since Freud was the first theorist of this approach, it was necessary to study his views on the soul. According to Freud, the human spirit is covered by two things: the subconscious, which covers its greatest area, and consciousness, which covers the smaller one. He thinks that there are three systems that interact with each other to create personality. The three systems are Identity, ego and superego.The first psychological aspects we see in the novel is injustice and its causes, namely it means to displace something. Injustice stems from the social life that people live in and how they practice injustice with each other. There are many examples of injustice in the novel, such as the injustice of the father to his children and his wife and leaving them without supportor and this is what abo Jameel's sister husband has done the injustice for Abo Jameel's elder brother to Abo Jameel and his brothers by buying the house from them cheaply.The second is hatred and its motivation because it is patriarchy and distress and the negative emotions that affect human life. It was with many types uch as hatred of war and injustice, hatred of mistakes, and the hatred of man to man. In the novel, we can see the hatred of Abi Jamil's brothers towards him because he married a girl he loved an educated girl. The third is the love and its fruits, which means the feeling of belonging to a person or something, and there are many psychological indications in the novel. Such as the love between a man and a woman, because of the sexual need, such a the love of Abu Jamil, the most important charcter in the novel, and in this context there is another kind of love that what we call for the positive emotions in the social interaction like the love of Abu Jameel to his sister whose husband left her and her children .There is also the love of Om Jameel for her daughter who lives in Qatar. There is also the love fort he place and the homeland where a man was born, and all these genres are printed with the rich psychological nature spoken by the characters of the novel. Fourthly, the fear and its consequences .It is the feeling of something bad will happen or the fera of losing the close people .The fear was in many places in the novel where its main motive was the war its results from explosions.The fear can be traced at Abo Jameel's fear from the future and it was repeated fort he lose of his son Jamil, who was martyred at the end of the novel. And the fifth is anxiety about the causes and consequences .It is a state of being worried and not being relaxed and comfortable arising from unpleasant social experiences. According to the novel, anxiety has two sources that originate from the inside, from the same personality, and from the outside, from all sides, from the outside world, and most of them appear in the acts of the characters and control them. This is generally the result of anxiety caused by the bad situation in the country in general. And the sixth is sadness and it motivations , Types of sadness accumulated in the souls of the characters of the novel, especially when the war and its shells were inflicted by innocent and defenseless people.As the death of Ola, who was a friend of Abu Jamil's sister, and the death of the Lebanese searcher and the death of Jameel. And the s