Bacterial Profile and Antibiogram of Neonatal Sepsis in Nigeria: Literature Review

Özet

Bacterial neonatal sepsis is one of the foremost causes of morbidity and mortality in the newborn period. Determining the causative organism and corresponding treatment with sensitive antibiotics remain the standardof care. However, this is not easily achievable in developing and resource-poor settings. This study exploredthe inter-regional spread of bacterial isolates and the antibiogram of neonatal sepsis in Nigeria to guide therecommendation of effective and empirical use of antibiotics. Review of the published studies on neonatalsepsis in Nigeria addressed in the past 10 years as culled from Google Scholar, Cochrane and PubMed search. Atotal of eleven studies conducted over the past 10 years (2010-2019) were reviewed and sorted geographicallyinto Northern, Western, Eastern and Southern regions of Nigeria. Generally, the isolated bacteria and antibiogram of the studies across the regions were similar. Klebsiella pneumonia (63.6%) and Staphylococcus aureus(63.6%) topped the prevalence table across the regions, followed by Escherichia coli (36.4%) and subsequentlythe Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus pneumonia and Pseudomonas aueruginosa whichhad an equal prevalence of 27.3%. Ciprofloxacin 8+ and Ofloxacin 5+ had the highest sensitivity, followed byCeftriaxone 4+, Gentamycin 4+ and Meronem 3+. All the organisms tested were resistant to ampicillin. Theinter-regional similarity of the bacterial isolates and antibiogram is striking. This finding could be utilized inmaking an evidence-based decision on the choice of antibiotics in the treatment of neonatal sepsis where alocal pattern is challenging to establish.