Risk Factors and Diagnostic Methods in Vocal Cord Mucosal Lesions

Özet

Objectives: This study was an examination of malignancy risk determined according to clinical characteristics and preoperativediagnosis in vocal cord lesions compared with the definitive pathology results.Methods: This was a retrospective study of the files of patients who were admitted to a clinic due to hoarseness and/or a laryngeallesion and underwent a suspension laryngoscopy (SL) between 2014 and 2018. The patient files were examined and the parameters of age, gender, smoking status, alcohol use, and the site of the lesion were compared for the risk of malignancy. The details ofthe preoperative diagnoses, peroperative findings, and definite pathology results were evaluated for agreement.Results: In all, 296 cases were reviewed. Since some patients had undergone multiple SL procedures, only the final pathologyresults of these patients were included in the study and the final total was 260 patients. The study population consisted of 191(73.5%) male and 69 (26.5%) female patients. Of the group, 169 (65%) were smokers and 13 (5%) consumed alcohol. The lesionswere left-sided in 106 (40.8%), right-sided in 120 (46.2%), and bilateral in 34 (13.1%) cases. A total of 68 (26.2%) cases were malignant, 165 (63.5%) were benign, and 27 (10.4%) were determined to be premalignant. Analysis of patient age revealed that therisk of malignancy was significantly higher in patients in the fifth or sixth decade of life (p<0.001). Examination of gender and therisk of malignancy indicated that 64 (94.1%) of the malignant patients were male and 4 (5.9%) were female (p<0.001). It was alsofound that 64 of the malignant patients (94.1%) were smokers (p<0.001). Only 8 (11.8%) of the patients with malignant lesionsused alcohol, and no significant relationship was found (p=0.018). The association of malignancy with the lesion site was similar(p=0.89). Logistic regression analysis determined that male gender increased the risk of malignancy 6.45% and smoking increasedthe risk 7.81%.Conclusion: Microscopic examination of the lesion and palpation are very important in the diagnosis of patients with hoarsenessand laryngeal lesion. Smoking, advanced age, and male gender increased the risk of malignancy of vocal cord lesions