Factors Affecting Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Choices for Children Aged 24 to 48 Months

Özet

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate factors that affected decisions regarding breastfeeding and complementaryfeeding practices in children aged 24 to 48 months.Methods: Children aged 24 to 48 months who were presented at the outpatient clinic of a single hospital over a 6-month periodwere included in the study. Children who were born prematurely, hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit, and those with achronic disease were excluded. A questionnaire was administered to parents who provided consent. Data related to demographiccharacteristics, socioeconomic status, and infant nutrition practices were collected and analyzed.Results: A total of 100 cases were included. The distribution of the gender of the children was 49% female and 51% male, and themean age was 36.2±7.8 months. The mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 4.83±1.23 months, the mean length of totalbreastfeeding was 17.65±8.44 months, and the mean initiation of complementary feeding was 5.71±1.23 months of age. Themost frequent reason provided for the cessation of breastfeeding was the mother’s decision to wean. The duration of exclusivebreastfeeding and the total length of breastfeeding feeding was significantly shorter among children who were born by cesareansection, and those who used a pacifier and or feeding bottle. Non-working mothers used formula for a longer period (p=0.043) andintroduced solid foods and the use of utensils later than other mothers (p=0.001, p=0.03, respectively). Complementary food wasprovided to the infants of families whose monthly income level was less than TL 1000 earlier than in higher income level groups(p=0.04). The results of this study also showed that complementary food choices were most influenced by older members of thefamily and members of the mother’s immediate circle (42%) and healthcare professionals (36%). Mothers who received information about the addition of complementary food did not demonstrate a significantly different length of time devoted to exclusivebreastfeeding; however, the duration of breastfeeding overall, alone and in combination with solid foods, increased (p=0.03).Conclusion: Before the birth, families should be informed and prepared regarding the necessity of exclusive breastfeeding for thefirst 6 months and the continuation of breastfeeding until 2 years of age, the potential impact of relevant factors related to thetype of birth, and the potentially negative effects of the use of a pacifier or bottle. All members of the family, particularly mothersand close relatives, should be advised about proper complementary feeding techniques, including the need to increase the consistency of food gradually, introducing solid foods before the 10th month, and using natural, home-cooked items instead of preparedfoods. The appropriate information and guidance should be provided to all families with consideration for their education level,social environment, and life conditions.