Study of Anacyclus pyrethrum Lag. Root Extract against Aedes aegypti Linn. Larvae: Potential Vector Control for Dengue Viral Fever

Özet

Anacyclus pyrethrum Lag. is a medicinal plant. In this study we evaluated the susceptibility of larvae ofAedes aegypti Linn. against potential larvicidal effects of root extract of A. pyrethrum. Bioassays were performedusing World Health Organization methodologies. GC-MS analysis was employed to determine the contents of theextract. The underlying mechanisms of larvicidal activity were analyzed by using morphological, histological, andReactive Oxygen species (ROS) studies. The GC-MS of A. pyrethrum root extract showed nine compounds. Duringinitial screening, the root extract killed 90% of 3rd instar larvae of A. aegypti at 0.2 mg/mL concentration ascompared to standard permethrin. Different larval stages exhibited 100% larvicidal activity, especially more naive1st and 2nd instar larvae. The dose dependent larvicidal activity against 3rd instar larvae, showed reduced effect withdecreased concentration. Disruption in gut line of 3rd instar larvae is proposed to be mediated from the ROSproduction, evident in fluorescent oxidant sensitive assay. The extract exhibited non-cytotoxic profile in brineshrimp lethality assay with IC50 of 126.93 ± 0.3 µg/mL as compared to standard etoposide i.e., IC50 = 7.46 ± 0.05μg/mL. The study inferred that the root extract of A. pyrethrum can serve as promising biopesticide for the control ofA. aegypti, which is a vector of many viral diseases.