Kur’ân’da “Rab” Kavramı Üzerine Semantik Bir Analiz

Özet

Öz: Kur’ân’ın ilk muhataplarının edebiyatında, sahip, ıslah/terbiye eden, efendi/hükümdar, tanrı vb.manaları taşıyan Rab kelimesi, aynı anlamlara paralel surette Kur’ân’da da kullanılmıştır. Bukavramla -Hz. Yusuf ve Hz. Musa (a.s.) ümmetlerinin inançlarını anlatma amacıyla başkavarlıklar kısmen adlandırılmış olsa da- çoğunlukla Yüce Allah kastedilmiştir. Geçtiği ayetlerdehemen hepsiyle muzâf (tamlanan) şeklinde yer alan Rab kavramı, bir kaç istisnayla izâfetsiz olarakda zikredilmiştir. Kur’ânî terminolojide Rab kavramının semantik alanına, yaratıcı (Hâlık),doğruyu gösteren (Hâdî), rızkın gerçek kaynağı (Râzık), bunları yapmaya gücü yeten (Kâdir),mantıksal zorunlulukla kulluk edilmeye gerçek hak sahibi (Ma‘bud) ve benzeri manalar katılmış;böylelikle söz konusu kavramın anlam yelpazesi genişlemiştir. Bu şekilde semantik sahasıgenişleyen Rab kavramı, İlâhî hüviyete bürünen anlam örüntüsüyle, Allah için Lafzatullah’tanالله) ) sonra ikinci sırada kullanılan bir özel isim (alem) kimliğini kazanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kur’ân, Rab, Kavram, Semantik, Esmâ-i Hüsnâ, Rubûbiyyet, Terbiye.Semantic Analysis of the Concept of “Rab” in the Qur’anAbstract: The term of “Rab” which means owner, reformer/educator, master/ruler, deity in literatureof early collocutors of Qur’an has been used by Qur’an in parallel meanings. This term oftenmeans “Allah”. But other assests were also named with this term in order to explain thecommunities of Prophet Joseph and Prophet Moses regarding their bliefs. In the verses where theconcepts of “Rab” mentioned in -almost all of them- it exists as a noun phrase, a few exceptionsare mentioned in the separate form. The semantic field of the term of “Rab” in the Qur’anicterminology also means, creator, indicator of the truth, the true source of sustenance, omnipotence,necessarily the rightful being to be served. In this way the meaning of the concept of “Rab”expanded. Thus the concept of “Rab” (Lord) comes second in importance after the word “Allah”.Keywords: Qur’an, Rab, Concept, Semantic, Asma al Husna, Rububiyat, Nurture.

Abstract

The term of “Rab” which means owner, reformer/educator, master/ruler, deity in literature of early collocutors of Qur’an has been used by Qur’an in parallel meanings. This term often means “Allah”. But other assests were also named with this term in order to explain the communities of Prophet Joseph and Prophet Moses regarding their bliefs. In the verses where the concepts of “Rab” mentioned in -almost all of them- it exists as a noun phrase, a few exceptions are mentioned in the separate form. The semantic field of the term of “Rab” in the Qur’anic terminology also means, creator, indicator of the truth, the true source of sustenance, omnipotence, necessarily the rightful being to be served. In this way the meaning of the concept of “Rab” expanded. Thus the concept of “Rab” (Lord) comes second in importance after the word “Allah”.

Anahtar kelimeler: Kur’ân, Rab, Kavram, Semantik, Esmâ-i Hüsnâ, Rubûbiyyet, Terbiye.