İLHAMINI KUR’ÂN’DAN ALAN ŞAİR, MEHMED ÂKİF ERSOY

Özet

Mehmed Âkif Ersoy, İstanbul’un Fatih semtinde, medreseye mensûb bir hocanın evinde doğmuş, Kur’ân ruhuyla yoğrulmuş, onun manevi atmosferinde büyümüştür. Halkalı Baytar Mektebi’ni bitirip Adana’da baytarlık yapan Âkif görevi esnasında Kur’ân’ı baştan sona ezberlemiştir. Daha sonra Arapça ve tefsir okuyan Âkif, Kurtuluş Savaşı yıllarında şehir şehir, köy köy gezerek milleti Kur’ân’la, vaaz ve nasihatlerle irşad etmiş, bunun yanında dergilerde ve gazete köşelerinde yazdığı makale ve şiirlerle de halkı bilinçlendirme görevini sürdürmüştür. Bunu yaparken ayetleri şiirlerle açıklamış, böylece vaaz ve uyarılarının daha etkili ve kalıcı olmasını sağlamıştır. Bu şiirlerin çoğu Safahat adlı eserinde toplanmıştır. Âkif, bazen bir ayet veya bir hadisi başlık yapıp hemen altına bunlardan anladıklarını dizelere dökmüş, bazen bir konuyu izah ederken satır aralarında ayetleri iktibas etmiş, bazen de ayeti lafzen vermese de satır aralarında ayetlerden manevî iktibaslarda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmada tamamını bir arada görme gayesiyle Âkif’in doğrudan ele aldığı veya manevî iktibasta bulunduğu ayetler ele alınarak onları nasıl yorumladığı incelenmiştir.

Abstract

Mehmed Âkif Ersoy was born in a district of Istanbul called Fatih, in a scholar’s house who was a member of the madrasah. He has grown with the Quran’s spirit and its spiritual atmosphere. He has graduated from the Halkalı Veterinarian School and during his mission as a vet in Adana, he memorized the Quran completely by reading it over and over again. Later on, Âkif learned Arabic and studied Tafseer. During the Independence War, he set out and went from town to town and village to village to guide people with his sermons and advice. Along with his sermons, he has written poems and articles for newspapers and magazines to raise awareness and awaken the people. Mostly, he clarified the Quranic verses with poems and with this he made his sermons and advice a lot more effective and permanent. He gathered all of these poems in a work titled Safahat. While the poet who has taken his inspiration from the Quran, was explaining the verses with poems, sometimes he took a hadith or a Quranic verse as title and underneath he wrote what he understood from them. Sometimes while he was examining an issue, he gave the Quranic verses between the lines. Sometimes he did not give the verse directly but he referred to Quranic verses and their meanings in a style only an expert can understand. In this study, we will examine the verses that Âkif analyzed directly and referred to, and we will analyze how he interpreted these verses.