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Journals / Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / 2020 / Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Muhtars and Community-Based Disaster Governance

Muhtarlar ve Topluluk-Temelli Afet Yönetişimi

Fahri Çakı, Goncagül Gültekin Özbayram

Pages
447–485
Publication Date
2020-12-31
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Abstract

Born as a product of Turkey’s modernization efforts, the institute of muhtarlık is an indigenous and unique organization that has been able to protect its presence since 1829 to date. Muhtars (headmen of neighborhood) are elected for a certain period of time by direct votes of local people, mostly from local people. This leads them to build closer ties with the local community, to know closely local problems and needs, and to become a rich source of data on their neighborhoods. With these characteristics, muhtars have the potential to become important actors in community- based disaster governance and in its essential stage of preparedness. But to what extent do muhtars play or are allowed to play this role? Are muhtars natural partners of governance in terms of disaster preparedness? These questions constitute the problematic of this paper. The paper aims to examine special status of community-based disaster management in Turkey within the framework of a case study of Balikesir, which is one of the provinces where of many natural disaster risks are felt intensely. In doing so the study is focused on muhtars whose role in natural disaster governance is generally neglected. The paper uses data obtained from 50 muhtars using an in-depth interview technique with a phenomenological methodology. The most important finding is that due to the tendency of the political elite to ignore and not include local knowledge, the muhtars are excluded from the disaster preparedness processes and their potential contribution is limited.

Özet

Türkiye’de devletin modernleşme çabalarının bir ürünü olarak doğan ve 1829’dan beri varlığını bugüne kadar koruyan muhtarlık kurumu yerli ve özgün bir teşkilattır. Muhtarlar, belli sürelerle çoğunlukla yerel halk içinden doğrudan yerel halkın oylarıyla seçilirler. Bu durum onları yerel halk ile daha yakın bağlar kurmaya, yerel sorunlar ve ihtiyaçları yakından bilmeye ve mahalleleri hakkında zengin bir veri kaynağı olmaya sevk eder. Bu özellikleriyle muhtarlar topluluk temelli afet yönetişiminde ve onun asli bir aşaması olan hazırbulunuşluk sürecinde önemli aktörler olma potansiyelini taşırlar. Ancak fiili durumda muhtarlar ne denli bu rolü oynamaktadırlar ya da oynamalarına olanak sağlanmaktadır? Muhtarlar, afetlere hazırbulunuşluk süreçlerinde yönetişim ilkesine ne kadar ortaktırlar? Bu sorular bu makalenin problematiğini teşkil etmektedir. Makale, topluluk temelli doğal afet yönetiminin Türkiye’deki özel durumunu birçok doğal afet riskinin yoğun hissedildiği illerden biri olan Balıkesir örnek olay incelemesi çerçevesinde, doğal afet yönetişimindeki rolü genellikle ihmal edilen muhtarlar üzerinden incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makale, fenomenolojik bir yöntem anlayışıyla derinlemesine mülakat tekniği kullanılarak 50 muhtardan elde edilen verileri kullanmaktadır. Ulaşılan en önemli bulgu, politik seçkinlerin yerel bilgiyi önemsememe ve sürece dâhil etmeme eğilimlerinden dolayı muhtarların afet hazırbulunuşluğu süreçlerinden dışlandıkları ve potansiyel katkılarının kısıtlandığıdır.

Keywords
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Cite This Article

Çakı, F., Özbayram, G. G. (2020). Muhtars and Community-Based Disaster Governance. Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 447–485. https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.667171

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