1912 YILINDAKİ AVUSTURYA-MACARİSTAN POLİTİKA-SINDA ARNAVUTLUK

Özet

XX. asrın başlarında Avrupalı büyük güçlerden Arnavut meselesine en ilgili olan devlet Avusturya-Macaristan’dı. Viyana politikası Balkan Yarımadası’ndaki bilhassa Arnavutluk’taki siyasi gelişmelerle yakından ilgiliydi. Bu ilgi yalnız coğrafi yakınlık ya da onun Güneydoğu Avrupa’ya olan stratejik pozisyonundan kaynaklanmıyor aynı zamanda Viyana hükümetinin Adriyatik denizinin doğu tarafında serbest hareket etme niyeti ve çıkarlardan da ileri geliyordu.Prusya’yla Alman dünyasına nüfuz etme savaşını kaybettiği XIX. asrın ortalarından itibaren Avusturya-Macaristan, Arnavutluk ile ilgilenmeye başlamıştı. Bu zamandan itibaren imparatorluğun Balkan politikasındaki Arnavutluk meselesi önemli bir yer teşkil etmiştir. Zira Balkanlar, Viyana’nın nüfuzunu arttırabileceği tek bölgeydi. Fakat bu maksadına nail olabilmesi için Viyana hükümetinin bölgede yaşayan halklardan en az birinin gönlünü kazanması gerekiyordu. Slav halklar kökenleri, Yunanlar ise dinlerinden dolayı Rusya`ya bağlıydılar. Balkanlarda Rusya’nın yardımını beklemeyen tek halk Arnavutlardı.Yukarıda zikredilen şartlar dolayısıyla Avusturya-Macaristan’ın nüfuzunu arttırabileceği tek ülke Arnavutluktu. Viyana hükümeti bakımından rahatlatıcı bir diğer unsur da Kultusprotektorat idi. Osmanlı hükümetiyle yapılan antlaşmaya göre Habsburg hükümeti Arnavutlukta, diğer tüm büyük güçlerden daha avantajlıydı. Bu nedenle Avusturya-Macaristan hükümeti bu önceliğini XIX. yüzyıl ortalarında Arnavutlukta açtığı ilkokullarıyla kullanmaya başladı.

Abstract

From the middle of the nineteenth century, and especially after the loss of the war with Prussia, in order to gain more power in the German world, Austro-Hungary oriented its foreign policy towards the Balkans. In this respect of the Austro-Hungary diplomacy, of particular importance will be the Albanian issue. According to the Kultusprotektorat, the government of Vienna had stretched an impact in Albania, with which it had also gained the sympathy of the people. This comradship with the Albanians would be a personal interest for it. The only sea outlet from which Austro-Hungary could have access to, was the Adriatic. Major part of the trade with other countries was done through this sea. If on its east coast an enemy force was ever to be placed, then Austro-Hungarys trade would be confronted with difficulties. Also, the Adriatic had a political and strategic importance. The establishement of a foreign fleet on the east coast of the Adriatic, would turn it into a closed sea for the Austro-Hungary ships. For this reason, it opposed with determination towards handing over an Albanian port to Serbia, which it regarded as a Russian policy spokesman on the Ballkans. In order to maintain its own personal trade, political-strategic and prestige interests, the government of Vienna supported the idea of the creation of an Albanian state, which it intended as an ally. The Albanian patriots, lead by Ismail Qemali, only after recieving needed assurance from Vienna, announced the independence of Albania. Even the territorial expansion of the new Albanian state, which was recognized from the Conference of Ambassadors in London, was a result at first hand, of the commitment to diplomacy of the Ballhausplatz. From the nineteenth century, Vienna was and remained, even after the announcement of national independence, the most reliable and most important ally for the Albanian nation. Without the help and support of Austro-Hungary, the Albanians would have suffered even greater loss than those of the years 1912-1913.From the middle of the nineteenth century, and especially after the loss of the war with Prussia, in order to gain more power in the German world, Austro-Hungary oriented its foreign policy towards the Balkans. In this respect of the Austro-Hungary diplomacy, of particular importance will be the Albanian issue. According to the Kultusprotektorat, the government of Vienna had stretched an impact in Albania, with which it had also gained the sympathy of the people. This comradship with the Albanians would be a personal interest for it. The only sea outlet from which Austro-Hungary could have access to, was the Adriatic. Major part of the trade with other countries was done through this sea. If on its east coast an enemy force was ever to be placed, then Austro-Hungarys trade would be confronted with difficulties. Also, the Adriatic had a political and strategic importance. The establishement of a foreign fleet on the east coast of the Adriatic, would turn it into a closed sea for the Austro-Hungary ships. For this reason, it opposed with determination towards handing over an Albanian port to Serbia, which it regarded as a Russian policy spokesman on the Ballkans. In order to maintain its own personal trade, political-strategic and prestige interests, the government of Vienna supported the idea of the creation of an Albanian state, which it intended as an ally. The Albanian patriots, lead by Ismail Qemali, only after recieving needed assurance from Vienna, announced the independence of Albania. Even the territorial expansion of the new Albanian state, which was recognized from the Conference of Ambassadors in London, was a result at first hand, of the commitment to diplomacy of the Ballhausplatz. From the nineteenth century, Vienna was and remained, even after the announcement of national independence, the most reliable and most important ally for the Albanian nation. Without the help and support of Austro-Hungary, the Albanians would have suffered even greater loss than those of the years 1912-1913.