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This paper explores the Turkish apparel industry and business strategies of firms by examining the core paradigms that have guided the industry over decades. It presents the current state of industry as manifest in the companies' core strategies within a strategic fit framework. It identifies the current problems faced by Turkish clothing manufacturers and marketers in this international industry. Then the paper offers some recommendations to foster the competitiveness of Turkish apparel firms. Finally, it draws conclusions by comparing the business behavior and strategies of Turkish firms by defining the structural and firm-specific factors. This paper explores the business strategies of Turkish apparel firms by examining the core paradigms that have guided the industry over decades. It will present the current state of industry as manifest in the companies' core strategies, segmentation, product development and branding, and subcontracting within a strategic fit framework. The paper will address several critical questions: What are the major industry groups and who are the principal players in the industry? What are their core business strategies (i.e., low cost leadership or differentiation)? How successful are they in developing brands? How do they segment the market (e.g., based on demographics, income levels, etc.)? To what extent do Turkish apparel firms target foreign markets? What kind of strategic alliances do they form with foreign firms, if any? The paper will consist of the following sections. The first part will present a strategic fit model to analyze the structure, behavior, and strategies of Turkish apparel firms. The second section will identify the current problems faced by such firms in this particular sector. The third section of the paper will offer some recommendations to foster the business performance of Turkish apparel firms. Finally, it will draw conclusions by comparing the business behavior and strategies of Turkish firms by defining structural and firmspecific factors.