Education in mother tongue has appeared to be one of the most critical topics in contemporary Turkey. Long albeit inconclusive debates regarding this highly significant phenomenon rendered this research possible aiming at determining the content, context and status of right of education in minority rights system. Thus, in this article, we have delved into the concepts of linguistic minority rights, mother tongue, and education in mother tongue. Moreover, we have argued the practices of Ottoman Empire and Turkey related education in mother tongue. We have analyzed Turkey’s current practices like allowing language courses in mother tongues which are spoken by citizens belonging different ethnic groups, teaching Kurdish in schools as an elective course and opening Kurdish and Arabic language departments in universities. We have attempted to reveal whether these new policies are signaling and marking a crucial shift in ongoing state’s approach and its ideological roots.