This article inquires as to whether Turkey can be among the ten largest economies of the world in 2023. According to the theory of growth, saving and investment, human capital, research and development efforts and the resulting technological development are the factors that cause economies to grow. The saving and investment ratios of Turkey have been declining since 1988. The average level of education of the labor force and the quality of education are both improving, but according to the predictions in this article, in 2023, the education level of the labor force will continue to be below most of Turkey’s rivals. Research and development efforts are also improving, but considering the other negative developments, it is concluded that the progress in research and development will be insufficient to take Turkey into the group of top ten countries in 2023.